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Overview

Portal leverages Multi-Party Computation (MPC) and specifically Threshold Signature Schemes (TSS) to allow multiple parties to sign transactions across key shares instead of a single private key to manage access to a crypto wallet that is traditionally used for crypto wallets. Portal’s implementation of MPC uses two sets of key share pairs (parallel 2 of 2 threshold - four shares total). Key shares are never reconstructed for signatures and generated and conducts signatures independently across each party involved. Portal leverages an open-source and audited MPC protocol called CGGMP. Please reach out to learn more about our implementation and audits.

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Step 1: Generating a wallet

The signing key shares are used for signing transactions and the backup key shares are used for recovery if the device storing a signing key shares is lost. MPC Wallet Generation diagram The user’s signing key share is stored in their mobile device’s keychain. The Portal signing key share is stored encrypted-at-rest. Learn more about Portal’s security practices here.

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Step 2: Backing up a wallet

The user’s backup share is encrypted and sent to the organization where it is stored encrypted-at-rest by backup method. The decryption key for the user’s backup share is sent to Google Drive or iCloud. The custodian backup share is also sent to the organization to store encrypted-at rest by backup method. Portal only stores the signing key share, and so can only sign messages with the key share stored in the device’s keychain. Likewise, to perform a recovery using the user’s backup share only the backup share stored by the organization will work. Only the user signing share can initiate transactions as all signatures may only originate from the user client. This separation of concerns provides additional security constraints to ensure that a compromise of any one key share has additional authentication methods to sign an MPC transaction. MPC Backup Mechanism Setup diagram MPC backups allow your users to recover their MPC wallets in the event that their device is lost, stolen, or broken. Backups are handled in two pieces: user backup shares and custodian backup shares (organization backup shares). At the time of recovery, these two backups are used together to generate new shares to be stored on-device, allowing the user to migrate their wallet with a new device. Note: Portal shares (blue) and custodian shares (purple) are intentionally mismatched and parts of different signing thresholds and therefore cannot collude and sign transactions on behalf of users.

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Step 3: Recovering a wallet

MPC recovery allows your users to recover their MPC wallets in the event that their device is lost, stolen, or broken. MPC recovery uses the MPC backups that a user has already ran to create a new set of signing shares. Recovery is handled in two pieces: user backup share recovery and custodian backup share recovery. MPC Recovery diagram Recovery replaces a user’s old signing shares on the device (if there were any) with a new pair of signing shares.